What are peptides?

A plain-language introduction.

Peptide chain approaching a cell
01Building blocks 02How signaling works 03Why some medicines are injected 04Explore by function

Peptides are short chains of amino acids.

They occur naturally in the body and play essential roles in many biological processes, including communication between cells.

Scientists can also design and manufacture peptides with specific sequences to support research and the development of new medicines.

Amino acids
Amino acids
Amino acids are the building blocks.
Peptide chain
Peptide chain
Linked together, they form a peptide chain.
Cell signal
Cell signal
Peptides can bind to receptors and help transmit signals inside cells.

Why are some peptide medicines injected?

Peptides can be broken down by digestive enzymes in the stomach and intestine, and absorption through the intestinal wall may be limited. For these reasons, some peptide medicines are delivered by injection so they can reach the bloodstream intact.

Not every peptide uses injection — delivery depends on the specific medicine and its properties.

Oral route
Taken by mouth
·
Exposed to stomach acid
·
May be broken down
·
Limited absorption

Some peptides may not survive digestion or cross the intestinal barrier efficiently.

Injection route
Delivered into tissue
Enters the bloodstream
Reaches target more directly

Injection can help protect peptides from breakdown and support more reliable delivery.

Next: Explore peptides by function →